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From ControlsWiki

Welcome to the University of Michigan Chemical Engineering Process Dynamics and Controls Open Textbook. This electronic textbook is a student contributed opensource text covering the materials used at Michigan in our senior level controls course.

Contents 1 Authors and Editors 2 Project Background 3 Chemical Process Dynamics 3.1 Modeling Basics 3.2 Sensors and Actuators 3.3 Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams 3.4 High Level Modeling 3.5 Modeling Case Studies 4 Chemical Process Controls 4.1 PID control 4.2 Dynamical Systems Analysis 4.3 Control Architectures 4.4 MIMO Control 5 Statistical Process Control for Chemical Engineers 5.1 Statistics and Probability Background 5.2 Statistical Process Control 5.3 Design of Experiments 6 Getting started 7 Sandbox

Authors and Editors

Bradley Anderson Christopher Bauman James Bennett Aaron Bennick Ajay Bhasin Nicole Blan Ardemis Boghossian Navin Bora Jason Bourgeois Jennifersue Bowker James Alex Brown Dallas Burkholder Jeffrey Carey Robert Carr Joseph Casler George Cater Wen Chung Lim

Halley Crast John D'Arcy Jennifer DeHeck Danesh Deonarain Tommy DiRaimondo Carly Ehrenberger Stephanie Fraley Christopher Garcia Jamila Grant Matthew Hagen Andry Haryanto Danial Hohne Adam Holewinski Kibwe John Seth Kahle Dan Katzman Erin Knight

Brandon Kountz Michael Kravchenko Winardi Kusumaatmaja Andrew Laskowski Curt Longcore Andrew MacMillan Georgina Mang Brian McQuillan Crystal Miranda Merrick Miranda Ashwini Miryala Teresa Misiti Nina Mohan Jessica Moreno Alwin Ng Jason Noelanders Jessica Nunn

Michael Oom Marc Palmer Nicholas Parsons Matthew Pickvet David Preston Brandon Quigley Pamela Anne Roxas Matt Russell Mike Salciccioli Dipti Sawalka Kyle Scarlett Cynthia Sequerah Anwar Stephens Maurice Telesford Ben Terrien Sarah Tschirhart Ben Van Kuiken

Andrew Wang Mark Winston-Galant Jessica Wolfe Peter Woolf Weiyin Xu Ng Meng Yang Emily Yatch Spencer Yendell Angela Chi Yeung Sandy Yu Sara Zak John Zalewski Zachary Zell John Zhang

Project Background

• Introduction, course organization
• Discussion about the future of the text
• Time management strategies

Chemical Process Dynamics

Modeling Basics

• Noise modeling: white, pink, and brown noise, pops and crackles
• Verbal modeling: process description, control specifications, and connections
• Excel modeling: logical models, optimization with solver for nonlinear regression, sampling random numbers
• Numerical ODE solving in Excel: Euler’s method: Runga Kutta, Dead time in ODE solving

Sensors and Actuators

• Temperature sensors
• Pressure sensors
• Level sensors
• Flow sensors
• Composition sensors
• pH and viscosity sensors
• Biosensors
• Valves: types, kinds, and selection
• Valves: modeling dynamics

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

• P&ID standard notation
• P&ID standard structures, location of features
• Choosing Signals, Control Loops, & Plantwide Control Schemes
• P&ID standard pitfalls
• Safety features in P&ID

High Level Modeling

• Incidence graphs: interpretations, consistency, and inconsistency
• Boolean models: truth tables and state transition diagrams
• Logical control programs: IF.. THEN.., WHILE..

Modeling Case Studies

• ODE & Excel CSTR model w/ heat exchange
• ODE & Excel model of a simple distillation column
• ODE & Excel model of a heat exchanger
• ODE & Excel model of an adiabatic PFR

Chemical Process Controls

PID control

• P, I, D, PI, PD, and PID control
• PID tuning via classical methods
• PID tuning via optimization
• PID downsides and solutions: Antireset windup

Dynamical Systems Analysis

• Finding fixed points in ODEs and Boolean models
• Linearizing ODEs
• Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
• Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors to find stability and solve ODEs
• Phase plane analysis: attractors, spirals, limit cycles
• Root locus plots: effect of tuning
• Bode plots
• Routh stability: ranges of parameter values that are stable

Control Architectures

• Feed forward control: What is it? When useful? When not? Common usage.
• Cascade control: What is it? When useful? When not? Common usage.
• Ratio control: What is it? When useful? When not? Common usage.
• Override control: What is it? When useful? When not? Common usage.
• Common control loops / model for liquid pressure and liquid level
• Common control loops / model for temperature control
• Common control architectures / model for reactors

MIMO Control

• MIMO control using RGA
• MIMO using model predictive control
• MIMO using neural networks
• Determining if a System can be Decoupled

Statistical Process Control for Chemical Engineers

Statistics and Probability Background

• Basic statistics: mean, median, average, standard deviation, z-scores, and p-value
• Bayes Rule, conditional probability, independence
• Occasionally dishonest casino?: Markov chains and hidden Markov models
• Continuous Distributions: normal and exponential
• Discrete Distributions: hypergeometric, binomial, and poisson
• Comparisons of two means

Statistical Process Control

• Taguchi quality loss function and specification tolerance design
• SPC: random sampling from a stationary Gaussian process
• SPC: Basic control charts: theory and construction, sample size, x-bar, r charts, s charts
• SPC: using control charts to correct and improve a process
• SPC: Acceptance sampling: sampling criteria

Design of Experiments

• Design of experiments via taguchi methods: one and two way layouts
• Design of experiments via taguchi methods: orthogonal arrays
• Design of experiments via factorial designs
• Taguchi methods for robust design

Getting started

• Help on editing a page in the wiki
• More help on editing a page in the wiki
• Summary sheet for basic editing syntax
• Help on starting a new page
• Help on loading documents onto the wiki
• Help on writing mathematical expressions using TeX

Sandbox

Sandbox